Medical waste rules in Durham, NC
North Carolina's Medical Waste Management Rules, 15A NCAC 13B .1200 (readopted November 1, 2019), are enforced by the Department of Environmental Quality's Solid Waste Section. The state's definition of regulated medical waste is narrower than most: blood and body fluids in individual containers over 20 milliliters, microbiological waste and pathological waste. Sharps are medical waste but not regulated medical waste, which changes how they can be handled.
- Sharps (.1202(b)): rigid, leak-proof, puncture-resistant containers, never compacted before transport. Because they are outside the regulated medical waste definition, treated or contained sharps may go to a municipal solid waste landfill (.1202(i)(6)); most practices still send them for treatment with the rest of the stream.
- Packaging (.1203(a)): regulated medical waste is packaged to 49 CFR 173.134, 173.196, 173.197 or 173.199, a sealed plastic film bag inside a rigid box, drum or vessel, with the universal biohazard symbol and a legible English label naming the generator, the transporter, the treatment facility (or a tracking number) and the date of shipment.
- Time limits (.1202(o) to (q)): the clock runs from shipment, not generation. Unrefrigerated regulated medical waste is treated within 21 calendar days of leaving the generator; anything held longer is refrigerated at 45°F (7.22°C) or below, and all of it is treated within 60 calendar days. Waste must not become putrescent and is treated or disposed of within three days if it does (.1202(f)).
- Generator records (.1203(b)): a record of each off-site shipment kept for three years, with the number of packages, the transporter, the treatment facility and the date. Generators of less than 50 pounds of regulated medical waste a month are exempt from this record.
- Transporters (.1203(c)): not permitted by the state, but they may only accept properly packaged waste, display the biohazard symbol on the vehicle, carry a contingency plan and honour the 21-day and 60-day treatment windows. Treatment facilities are permitted by the Division (.1204).
- Treatment by category (.1202(i)): blood and body fluids over 20 mL by sanitary sewer (with the sewer authority notified), incineration or steam sterilisation; microbiological waste by incineration, steam, ozonation, microwave or chemical treatment; pathological and trace chemotherapy waste by incineration or ozonation; non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste by incineration or landfill.
Source: North Carolina DEQ, Medical Waste (15A NCAC 13B .1200).
Reviewed September 2026.
General information, not legal advice. Requirements change; we confirm what applies to your facility during onboarding.North Carolina overviewAll states